Formula For Feedback

What is the formula for positive and negative feedback triggers?

As humans, we subjectively perceive virtually everything we encounter throughout life, as some degree of positive or negative. Most (or maybe all?) of the cause of those positive and negative triggers was assumedly developed by evolution and natural selection, based on beneficiality to the survival of the species. But what allows certain mechanisms in the brain to be perceived as positive or negative?

Theoretically, objectively, nothing in this universe is fundamentally positive or negative. Everything is relative, including positive or negative, good or bad. So, to cause an organic brain to perceive something as positive, it must use objective programming of information which the brain perceives, since nature doesn’t come with a designated positive and negative feedback trigger. Without an element which is fundamentally positive, the programming would have to create a reaction which simply signals that, those factors of data should occur again (for positive), or a signal that those factors should not occur again (negative).

As it would likely develop, programming of the organism would have random mutations, and (as natural selection would have it) the surviving organisms would be ones with programming which triggers the organism to repeat (positive feedback) the circumstances which allow it to survive. As animals develop to be more complex, in order to match their environment, they would develop more complex and effective trigger systems, with the programming of repeat circumstances, or do not, sub programmed.

It seems animals developed a sub-program of “do repeat” (positive) reaction to certain chemicals (such as dopamine) and “do not repeat” (negative) reaction. This allows all of that species to then indeed have a default built-in positive or negative trigger. With the built in triggers, adaptation to environment would be much faster and therefore more survivable. Without built in subprograms of “repeat” or “do not”, to act as positive and negative triggers, the organisms would have to acquire random mutation programming of repeat or do not, for each individual circumstance which the species comes across. The programming of repeat or not for each set of circumstances, would be more complex programming than “activate this chemical”. Therefore making a universal positive/negative trigger chemical would be more effective, as random mutations to trigger the chemical would be more likely to occur, than mutations of “repeat these certain circumstances of this sensory data input”.

So even from the perspective of any organism, the only cause of the interpretation of something being positive or negative, is theoretically only programming, which developed to trigger that individual organism to either repeat the circumstances or do not repeat.

If pain is only a conflict of information input, which triggers signal to not repeat, is it so “bad”? Can it be consciously overwritten?

Would it be as bad as causing pain, to create a computer with trigger programming of “do not repeat”, and causing that trigger to continuously repeat?